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Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{x-2018};\sqrt{y-2019};\sqrt{z-2020}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a;b;c>0\)

\(\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{c-1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4a-4}{a^2}+\frac{4b-4}{b^2}+\frac{4c-4}{c^2}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{4a-a}{a^2}+1-\frac{4b-4}{b^2}+1-\frac{4c-4}{c^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-4a+4}{a^2}+\frac{b^2-4b+4}{b^2}+\frac{c^2-4c+4}{c^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a-2}{a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b-2}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c-2}{c}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=0\\b-2=0\\c-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2018}=2\\\sqrt{y-2019}=2\\\sqrt{z-2020}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2022\\y=2023\\z=2024\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2x^2+4x+2=21-3y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=3\left(7-y^2\right)\)

Do \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow7-y^2\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow y^2\le7\) (1)

Mà \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\) là một số tự nhiên chẵn và 3 là số lẻ

\(\Rightarrow7-y^2\) là một số chẵn \(\Rightarrow y^2\) là một số lẻ (2)

Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow y^2\) là số chính phương lẻ và nhỏ hơn 7

\(\Rightarrow y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=3\left(7-1\right)=18\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=3\\x+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có:

\(a_n=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)+1\)

\(a_n=n\left(n+3\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+1\)

\(a_n=\left(n^2+3n\right)\left(n^2+3n+2\right)+1\)

\(a_n=\left(n^2+3n\right)^2+2\left(n^2+3n\right)+1\)

\(a_n=\left(n^2+3n+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n\) là số chính phương với mọi n tự nhiên

Tham khảo tại đây: Câu hỏi của dbrby - Toán lớp 10 | Học trực tuyến

Bài 1:Áp dụng C-S dạng engel

\(\frac{3}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{6}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2>14\)

Lời giải:

Đặt mẫu số của $B$ là $M$.

Từ \(2018x^3=2019y^3=2020z^3\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{2018}x=\sqrt[3]{2019}y=\sqrt[3]{2020}z=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2018}}{\frac{1}{x}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2019}}{\frac{1}{y}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2020}}{\frac{1}{z}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2018}+\sqrt[3]{2019}+\sqrt[3]{2020}}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2018}+\sqrt[3]{2019}+\sqrt[3]{2020}}{8}=\frac{M}{8}\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=\frac{M}{8\sqrt[3]{2018}}\\ y=\frac{M}{8\sqrt[3]{2019}}\\ z=\frac{M}{8\sqrt[3]{2020}}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2018x^2=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2018}M^2}{64}\\ 2019y^2=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2019}M^2}{64}\\ 2020z^2=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2020}M^2}{64}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow 2018x^2+2019y^2+2020z^2=\frac{M^2(\sqrt[3]{2018}+\sqrt[3]{2019}+\sqrt[3]{2020})}{64}=\frac{M^3}{64}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{M^3}{64}}}{M}=\frac{M}{4M}=\frac{1}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{y+z+1}{x}=\frac{x+z+2019}{y}=\frac{x+y-2020}{z}=\frac{y+z+1+x+z+2019+x+y-2020}{x+y+z}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow2=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\)

Ta có: 

​+) \(\frac{y+z+1}{x}=2\)\(\Rightarrow y+z+1=2x\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+1=3x\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+1=3x\)\(\Rightarrow3x=\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)

+) \(\frac{x+z+2019}{y}=2\)\(\Rightarrow x+z+2019=2y\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+2019=3y\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+2019=3y\)\(\Rightarrow3y=\frac{4039}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow y=\frac{4039}{6}\)

+) \(\frac{x+y-2020}{z}=2\)\(\Rightarrow x+y-2020=2z\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z-2020=3z\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-2020=3z\)\(\Rightarrow3z=\frac{-4039}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow z=\frac{-4039}{6}\)

Lại có: \(A=2016x+y^{2017}+z^{2017}=2016.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{4039}{6}\right)^{2017}+\left(\frac{-4039}{6}\right)^{2017}=4032+\left(\frac{4039}{6}\right)^{2017}-\left(\frac{4039}{6}\right)^{2017}=4032\)